[ comparison of the effects of Ramadan fasting and regular aerobic exercise on 70-Kda heat shock protein [Hsp70], lipid profiles and resistance insulin in non-active obese men]

The aim of this study was compare the effects of fasting during Ramadan [as a dietary pattern] and regular aerobic exercise on HSP70, lipid profile and insulin resistance indexes in non-active obese men. In this study, 18 obese men, aged between 50-40 years, with a BMI over 30 kg/m[2] per square meter were randomly selected from among 70 volunteers responding to a public call. They were then divided into two, the fasting [N=9] and the fasting with exercise [N=9] groups. While the first group just fasted, the fasting and exercise group in addition to fasting performed 27 sessions of exercise at an intensity of 50-70% of their VO2max. Also, to study the desired changes in Ramadan, blood samples were taken at four different times points and finally, using repeated measures analysis of variance at the significance level of p<0.05, data was analyzed. Results showed that HSP70 levels in both groups increased during Ramadan. Also, HSP70 levels in both the fasting and the fasting with exercise groups increased, during the fourth week of Ramadan, the difference between the groups being significant [F=23.25; p=0.001]. Insulin resistance also decreased in both groups, a reduction that was significant in the fasting group [F=3.244; p=0.042]. Additionally, only in the fourth week of Ramadan and two weeks after that the lipid profile of the participants decreased and their HDL-C increased, changes all significant [p<0.05]. The research results show that the increased levels of HSP70 as a result of fasting perse, and fasting with exercise, may lead to decreased insulin resistance in obese men

effect of aerobic exercise on serum C - reactive protein and leptin levels in untrained middle-aged women

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on serum inflammatory markers in untrained middle-aged women. Nineteen healthy female middle-aged were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental [n=11] and control [n=8] groups. The exercise protocol included aerobic exercise training lasted for 6 months and 3 sessions per week and every session lasted for 60 minutes and with intensity of 55-65 percent of maximum heart rate reserve [MHR]. Blood samples were taken to measure serum leptin and C-Reactive Protein [CRP] before and after aerobic training period. General linear- Repeated measures [GL-RM] was used to comparing of within, Interactive and between means groups. The level of significance was set at P< 0.05. The level of serum leptin in middle-aged women did not change significant. However, the levels of CRP during this period did not change significantly. Six months of aerobic exercise does not induce significant change in serum levels of CRP, while leptin levels reduced in middle-aged women. Regular physical activity probably causes decrease in serum leptin level if body mass index and body fat mass reduce simultaneously

[Effect of 8-week walking program on serum lipoprotein [a] concentration in non-athlete menopausal women]

Lipoprotein [a] [Lp[a]] is a new cardiovascular risk factor and its concentration increase cardiovascular diseases, while physical activity decrease cardiovascular diseases. This study intend to investigate the effect of eight week walking program on lipoprotein [a] concentration in non-athlete Iranian menopausal women. Twenty two healthy menopause women of 47-55 year of age any specific disorder were enrolled in this study. The subjects randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Anthropometric characteristics including height, weight, body mass index [BMI], body fat percent and Waist-to-Hip ratio [WHR] and serum lipoprotein on fasting were measured pre and post-walking program. The data were compared using independent t-test, U mann witny and pearson correlation coefficient was used for assessement of relation between lipoprotein [a] with anthropometric indexes. According to these results, there was a significant reduction of serum lipoprotein [a] [pre test12.5 +/- 4/1; post test 10.5 +/- 3md], WHR, BMI and body fat percent prior and after the training in experimental group [P<0.05] while non significant changes was observed in control group. Also, there was non significant relationship between lipoprotein [a] with Anthropometric indexes. This study revealed that 8-week walking program had useful effects on menopausal women' serum lipoprotein [a] concentration, WHR, BMI and body fat percent

[ comparison of bone mineral density and muscle strength of athletic and non-athletic girls on two groups [volleyball and taekwondo]]

The aim of this research was to investigate bone mineral density [BMD], bone mineral content [BMC], muscular strength and anthropometric characterstic in athletic girls [volleybal player and taekwondo groups] and was compared with non athletic girls. 15 girls athletic volleybal player with mean age [20.66 +/- 3.3], mean height [165 +/- 5.52] and mean weight [58.9 +/- 6.08] and 13 taekwondo player girls with mean age [19.69 +/- 2.78], mean height [161 +/- 5.61] and mean weight [56.2 +/- 5.01] and 12 non-athletic girls with mean age [21.5 +/- 1.9], mean height [160 +/- 4.19] and mean weight [52 +/- 6.54] as control were selected voluntraily. Results showed that: 1- There was not significant difference in BMD of three lumbar [L[2], L[3], L[4] ] among athletic and non-athletic groups, although BMD of volleyball players was greater than other groups. 2- mean BMD of femur [wall and neck] was greater in volleybal players but this was not significantly different. 3- Mean muscular strength of hamstring and quadriceps [in concentriic contraction] of both athletic groups was significantly greater than non-athletic group; there was not significant difference between two athletic groups. In general our results showed that athletic groups had greater BMD than non-athletic group, except that taekwondo players had a low BMD at lumbar [L[2], L[3], L[4] ] because ninety percent of bone growth is accomplished during the age of 10 to 20. So teens must be taught to take proper dietary program and have exercise in order to have healthy and strong bones to prevent bone related disease in adolescent